{"id":1484,"date":"2023-10-10T00:58:45","date_gmt":"2023-10-09T22:58:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=1484"},"modified":"2023-10-09T03:16:49","modified_gmt":"2023-10-09T01:16:49","slug":"stonehenge-svet-mrtvych","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2023\/10\/10\/stonehenge-svet-mrtvych\/","title":{"rendered":"Stonehenge \u2013 sv\u011bt mrtv\u00fdch"},"content":{"rendered":"

Britsk\u00fd archeolog Mike Parker Pearson<\/em> z univerzity ve Sheffieldu b\u011bhem 5 let v\u00fdzkum\u016f kolem Stonehenge do\u0161el k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee \u0161lo o poh\u0159ebi\u0161t\u011b prvn\u00edch vl\u00e1dc\u016f t\u00e9to zem\u011b.<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u0161echno za\u010dalo t\u00edm, \u017ee n\u011bkolik km od Stonehenge Pearson odhalil stopy jak\u00fdchsi staveb. Radiouhl\u00edkov\u00e1 anal\u00fdza uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee jejich st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed je v\u00edce ne\u017e 4500 let, tedy m\u011bly by b\u00fdt ze stejn\u00e9 doby jako Stonehenge. Dal\u0161\u00ed vykop\u00e1vky uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee zde v t\u00e9 dob\u011b bylo s\u00eddli\u0161t\u011b asi o 1000 domech, tedy v t\u00e9 dob\u011b, asi 2500 let p\u0159. n.l., to bylo velmi velk\u00e9 m\u011bsto. V\u011bdci nic takov\u00e9ho v Anglii nepova\u017eovali za mo\u017en\u00e9. V\u00fdzkum uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee domy byly kamenn\u00e9 nebo hlin\u011bn\u00e9 s kostrou z d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch tr\u00e1m\u016f. Ve v\u0161ech byly stopy ohn\u011b, s k\u0159emenn\u00fdmi n\u00e1stroji. Ale co to bylo za s\u00eddli\u0161t\u011b, kdo v n\u011bm \u017eil, v\u011bdci nebyli schopni objasnit.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Pot\u00e9 archeologov\u00e9 objevili dal\u0161\u00ed senzaci: na okraji tohoto m\u011bsta \u2013 d\u0159ev\u011bnou kopii Stonehenge, a op\u011bt ze stejn\u00e9 doby. Pouze s jedn\u00edm rozd\u00edlem \u2013 kamenn\u00e1 konstrukce je orientovan\u00e1 k letn\u00edmu slunovratu (k v\u00fdchodu Slunce v nejdel\u0161\u00ed den v roce \u2013 22 \u010dervna), d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e1 konstrukce k zimn\u00edmu (v nejkrat\u0161\u00ed den \u2013 21. prosinci).<\/p>\n

O rok pozd\u011bji, v roce 2006 byla objevena kamenn\u00e1 cesta o \u0161\u00ed\u0159ce asi 30 m, vedouc\u00ed od d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9ho Stonehenge k nedalek\u00e9 \u0159ece Avon. Je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee pro takov\u00e9 s\u00eddli\u0161t\u011b o 1000 domech takov\u00e1 cesta nen\u00ed pot\u0159eba. Znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee musela m\u00edt n\u011bjak\u00fd ceremoni\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdznam, ne\u017e n\u011bjakou praktickou \u00falohu. Cesta vedla k \u0159ece a tedy poutn\u00edci museli pokra\u010dovat na n\u011bjak\u00fdch lod\u00edch a\u017e ke kamenn\u00e9mu Stonehenge.<\/p>\n

Pearson ihned odvrhl astronomickou hypot\u00e9zu \u2013 pro zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dne letn\u00edho nebo zimn\u00edho slunovratu nen\u00ed pot\u0159eba stav\u011bt \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 gigantick\u00e9 monumenty. A v \u010dem je smysl suchozemsk\u00e9 a \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed cesty? Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkumy jsou omezeny s t\u00edm, \u017ee objekt Stonenenge je pod ochranou UNESCO.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Je\u0161t\u011b v polovin\u011b 50. let archeologov\u00e9 objevili u Stonehenge lidsk\u00e9 poz\u016fstatky, kter\u00e9 jsou dnes v muzeu v Salisbury. Byl to jedin\u00fd v\u00fdsledek tehdej\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu. Pearson nyn\u00ed v okol\u00ed monumentu odhalil ostatky 150 \u2013 240 mu\u017e\u016f, \u017een a d\u011bt\u00ed. Radiouhl\u00edkov\u00e1 anal\u00fdza uk\u00e1zala jejich st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed od 3030 \u2013 2880 p\u0159.n.l. do 2570 \u2013 2340 p\u0159.n.l., tedy se zde poh\u0159b\u00edvalo b\u011bhem asi 600 let, na po\u010d\u00e1tku doby, kdy byl tento komplex postaven.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ozna\u010dit to za masov\u00e9 poh\u0159ebi\u0161t\u011b nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9. Pearson se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee jde o poh\u0159ebi\u0161t\u011b n\u011bjak\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9ho rodu, vl\u00e1dnouc\u00edho v t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti Anglie. Kamenn\u00fd Stonehenge symbolizoval \u201esv\u011bt mrtv\u00fdch\u201c, \u0159eka Avon byla britskou analogi\u00ed \u0159eky Styx, rozd\u011bluj\u00edc\u00ed sv\u011bty \u017eiv\u00fdch a mrtv\u00fdch. Z\u0159ejm\u011b dvakr\u00e1t v roce sem p\u0159ij\u00ed\u017ed\u011bli tis\u00edce lid\u00ed z Anglie a mo\u017en\u00e1 i z jin\u00fdch zem\u00ed, oslavit sv\u00e1tek nejdel\u0161\u00edho a nejkrat\u0161\u00edho dne v roce. V l\u00e9t\u011b blaho\u0159e\u010dili za to, \u017ee jim p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ely prodlou\u017een\u00ed \u017eivota a plodnost, v zim\u011b prov\u00e1d\u011bli ob\u0159ady uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed mrtv\u00fdch.<\/p>\n

Ale co to bylo za lid, to se dosud odhalit nepoda\u0159ilo.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Britsk\u00fd archeolog Mike Parker Pearson z univerzity ve Sheffieldu b\u011bhem 5 let v\u00fdzkum\u016f kolem Stonehenge do\u0161el k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee \u0161lo<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1000,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,19],"tags":[41,24,83],"class_list":["post-1484","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","category-zahady","tag-archeologie","tag-evropa","tag-megality"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1484","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1484"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1484\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1490,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1484\/revisions\/1490"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1000"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1484"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1484"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1484"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}