{"id":1478,"date":"2023-10-03T00:22:44","date_gmt":"2023-10-02T22:22:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=1478"},"modified":"2023-10-09T01:26:52","modified_gmt":"2023-10-08T23:26:52","slug":"kde-byl-wogatisburg","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2023\/10\/03\/kde-byl-wogatisburg\/","title":{"rendered":"Kde byl Wogatisburg?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Wogatisburg, legend\u00e1rn\u00ed hradi\u0161t\u011b, u kter\u00e9ho porazil prvn\u00ed sjednotitel slovansk\u00fdch kmen\u016f kupec S\u00e1mo Franck\u00e1 vojska.<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Je to m\u00edsto, o n\u011bm\u017e zat\u00edm vlastn\u011b nikdo nem\u016f\u017ee s ur\u010ditost\u00ed \u0159\u00edci, kde le\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Co vlastn\u011b v\u00edme o S\u00e1movi a jeho \u0159\u00ed\u0161i?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dostupn\u00e1 literatura uv\u00e1d\u00ed to, co napsali o ud\u00e1lostech z prvn\u00edho tis\u00edcilet\u00ed na\u0161eho letopo\u010dtu Kosmas, Palack\u00fd, Sedl\u00e1\u010dek, Nejedl\u00fd, Jir\u00e1sek, Van\u010dura a dal\u0161\u00ed auto\u0159i, v\u010detn\u011b u\u010debnic d\u011bjin, nau\u010dn\u00e9 slovn\u00edky i encyklopedie.<\/p>\n<p>K tomu pat\u0159\u00ed i pojedn\u00e1n\u00ed a spisy J. P. Solanka, F. M. Pekla, J. Peka\u0159e, G. Labudy a dal\u0161\u00edch v\u011bdc\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Z toho v\u0161eho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee v\u0161echno, co bylo o S\u00e1movi a jeho \u0159\u00ed\u0161i naps\u00e1no, auto\u0159i vlastn\u011b \u010derpali z jednoho jedin\u00e9ho pramene, a to ze spisu zvan\u00e9ho Kronika Fredegarova.<\/p>\n<p>Ve\u0161ker\u00e9 pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ce (mimochodem o S\u00e1movi se n\u00e1\u0161 n\u00e1rod dov\u011bd\u011bl poprv\u00e9 a\u017e v roce 1775, kdy ho objevil \u010desk\u00fd historik F. M. Pekl) pouze Fredegarovy \u00fadaje dob\u0159e nebo \u0161patn\u011b interpretuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>K tomu se ob\u010das p\u0159idru\u017e\u00ed autorova fantazie, jindy zase domn\u011bnka, hypot\u00e9za, \u00favaha nebo i polemick\u00fd \u0161leh. Na tom ostatn\u011b nen\u00ed nic nepochopiteln\u00e9ho a rozhodn\u011b to nelze m\u00edt za zl\u00e9 pisatel\u016fm d\u011bl o S\u00e1movi a jeho \u0159\u00ed\u0161i.<\/p>\n<p>Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 ov\u0161em je, \u017ee novodob\u00e1 archeologie nedok\u00e1zala za 230 let p\u0159in\u00e9st k Fredegarov\u00fdm \u00fadaj\u016fm dal\u0161\u00ed doklady, kter\u00e9 by doplnily kronik\u00e1\u0159ovo l\u00ed\u010den\u00ed o prvn\u00edm st\u00e1tn\u00edm \u00fatvaru z\u00e1padn\u00edch Slovan\u016f nebo i o S\u00e1mov\u011b \u017eivot\u011b&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Jak\u00fd obraz o S\u00e1movi a jeho \u0159\u00ed\u0161i si tedy lze vytvo\u0159it na z\u00e1klad\u011b Fredegarov\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f?<\/p>\n<p>U\u017e v prvn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch sedm\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed se jednotliv\u00e9 skupiny Slovan\u016f pokou\u0161ely vymanit z avarsk\u00e9ho podru\u010d\u00ed. A pr\u00e1v\u011b v t\u00e9to dob\u011b mezi nimi dlel \u201e\u010dlov\u011bk z \u0159\u00ed\u0161e Frank\u016f z okresu Sens&#8220;, jak p\u00ed\u0161e Fredegar, kupec S\u00e1mo. \u201eKdy\u017e Vinidi (rozum\u011bj Slovan\u00e9) n\u011bkdy kolem roku 623 zbrojn\u011b vyt\u00e1hli proti nim (Avar\u016fm), kupec S\u00e1mo vy\u0161el s nimi na v\u00fdpravu, a tam takov\u00fd byl z n\u011bho u\u017eitek, \u017ee byl a\u017e div, a velk\u00fd po\u010det Avar\u016f zahynul<br \/>\nod me\u010d\u016f slovansk\u00fdch. Slovan\u00e9 vidouce u\u017eite\u010dnost S\u00e1movu, zvolili si ho kr\u00e1lem.&#8220;<\/p>\n<p>To se ov\u0161em stalo, jak Fredegar s\u00e1m d\u00e1le popisuje, a\u017e v roce 627. S\u00e1mo pak vl\u00e1dl nad sjednocen\u00fdmi slovansk\u00fdmi kmeny 35 let. Kronik\u00e1\u0159 na n\u011bho dokonce prozrazuje, \u017ee m\u011bl 12 \u017een, kter\u00e9 mu zplodily 22 syn\u016f a 15 dcer. V obdob\u00ed, kdy se stal S\u00e1mo kr\u00e1lem, u\u017e sice ustaly avarsk\u00e9 n\u00e1jezdy, av\u0161ak vl\u00e1dci Slovan\u016f za\u010dal p\u016fsobit starosti jeho \u00fazemn\u00ed soused franck\u00fd kr\u00e1l Dagobert. Ten vyslal v roce 630 k S\u00e1movi posla Sichera s t\u00edm, \u017ee bylo na slovansk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed ubl\u00ed\u017eeno franck\u00fdm kupc\u016fm, za co\u017e po\u017eadoval vysokou n\u00e1hradu. S\u00e1mo nejd\u0159\u00edve Sichera, o jeho\u017e slabomyslnosti nepochybuje dokonce ani franck\u00fd kronik\u00e1\u0159, v\u016fbec nep\u0159ijal. Av\u0161ak Sieher se za \u010das, za pomoci slovansk\u00e9ho p\u0159estrojen\u00ed, p\u0159ece jen ke kr\u00e1lovi dostal. Proto\u017ee se k n\u011bmu choval hrub\u011b, S\u00e1mo ho vyhnal.<\/p>\n<p>Tenta S\u00e1m\u016fv \u010din byl, podle Fredegara, d\u016fvodem, pro\u010d hrd\u00fd Dagobert vyt\u00e1hl s mohutn\u00fdm vojskem proti Slovan\u016fm. Frankov\u00e9 a jejich spojenci t\u00e1hli do S\u00e1movy \u0159\u00ed\u0161e t\u0159emi proudy. Hlavn\u00ed z nich, kter\u00fd vedl s\u00e1m Dagobert, se st\u0159etl se S\u00e1mem na pomez\u00ed jeho \u0159\u00ed\u0161e u opevn\u011bn\u00e9ho m\u011bsta Vogastisburgu. Kronik\u00e1\u0159 p\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee v t\u0159\u00eddenn\u00ed bitv\u011b bylo franck\u00e9 vojsko nejen pora\u017eeno, ale \u017ee se ve zmatku dalo na \u00fat\u011bk a cel\u00fd t\u00e1bor i se v\u0161emi z\u00e1sobami zanechalo Slovan\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p>V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm roce pak Dagobert zorganizoval proti S\u00e1mov\u011b \u0159\u00ed\u0161i je\u0161t\u011b jednu v\u00fdpravu, av\u0161ak o jej\u00edm osudu nic bli\u017e\u0161\u00edho nev\u00edme. Kronik\u00e1\u0159 pouze konstatuje, \u017ee se i tentokr\u00e1t vr\u00e1til franck\u00fd vl\u00e1dce s nepo\u0159\u00edzenou. A S\u00e1mo pr\u00fd vl\u00e1dl ve sv\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i d\u00e1le a\u017e do roku 662.<\/p>\n<p>Ve Fredegarov\u00e9 kronice jsou je\u0161t\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed podrobnosti o S\u00e1movi a jeho \u0159\u00ed\u0161i, ale z\u00e1pisy kon\u010d\u00ed \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdmi l\u00e9ty sedm\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Co se na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed d\u011blo v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch sto pades\u00e1ti letech, nev\u00edme.<\/p>\n<p>Kde vlastn\u00ed le\u017e\u00ed onen <em>Vogastisburg,<\/em> v jeho\u017e bl\u00edzkosti porazil <em>S\u00e1mo<\/em> Dogobertova vojska?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022 Jednu z prvn\u00edch v\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch hypot\u00e9z vyslovil Franti\u0161ek Palack\u00fd. Vych\u00e1zel z faktu, \u017ee Dagobert pronikal se sv\u00fdm vojskem do S\u00e1movy \u0159\u00ed\u0161e pr\u016fsmykem V\u0161erubsk\u00fdm. Jestli\u017ee se s n\u00edm utkal S\u00e1mo na pomez\u00ed sv\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e, jak \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 kronik\u00e1\u0159, muselo to b\u00fdt n\u011bkde v bl\u00edzkosti Doma\u017elic. Tehdy ov\u0161em tato m\u00edsto je\u0161t\u011b neexistovala ani jako hradi\u0161t\u011b. Av\u0161ak Slovan\u00e9 v tomto prostoru sv\u00e9 hradi\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ece jen m\u011bli. Le\u017eela v m\u00edst\u011b, kter\u00e9 je dnes ozna\u010dov\u00e1no jako Smolov, a jmenovalo se Tuho\u0161\u0165 &#8211; TOGASTISBURG. Palack\u00fd z toho odvodil, \u017ee Vogastisburg je kuruptela n\u00e1zvu Togastisburg.<\/li>\n<li>\u2022 Do okol\u00ed Doma\u017elic umis\u0165uje d\u011bji\u0161t\u011b bitvy i Jaroslav Vrchlick\u00fd, kter\u00fd n\u011bkdy na p\u0159elomu 19. a 20. stolet\u00ed spolupracoval na rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9m d\u00edle o \u010cech\u00e1ch. Vrchlick\u00fd v\u0161ak z\u0159ejm\u011b \u010derpal p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ze sv\u00fdch znalost\u00ed Chodska. P\u0159itom vyslovil pozoruhodnou domn\u011bnku, \u017ee se bitva odehr\u00e1la v bl\u00edzkosti z\u0159\u00edcenin R\u00fdzmberku, kde b\u00fdvalo opevn\u011bn\u00e9 hradi\u0161t\u011b. Jde o m\u00edsto, kter\u00e9 dnes zn\u00e1me jako P\u0159\u00edkopy u Kdyn\u011b, a kde jsou z\u0159eteln\u011b viditeln\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 valy.<\/li>\n<li>\u2022 Se zcela odli\u0161n\u00fdm n\u00e1zorem vystoupil proti Palack\u00e9mu Augustin Sedl\u00e1\u010dek, kter\u00fd ozna\u010dil za Vogastisburg m\u00edsto v bl\u00edzkosti Kadan\u011b \u2014 \u00daho\u0161\u0165. Ani on v\u0161ak nem\u011bl svou hypot\u00e9zu podlo\u017eenou archeologick\u00fdmi n\u00e1lezy a vych\u00e1zel p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z tehdej\u0161\u00edho rozlo\u017een\u00ed slovansk\u00fdch kmen\u016f a z p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e9ho postupu Dagobertov\u00fdch vojsk.<\/li>\n<li>\u2022 Jist\u00fd vzruch vnesl do t\u011bchto n\u00e1zor\u016f polsk\u00fd historik Gerard Labuda. Tento v\u011bdec tvrdil, \u017ee S\u00e1mova \u0159\u00ed\u0161e nekon\u010dila v dob\u011b Dagobertova ta\u017een\u00ed u \u010cesk\u00e9ho lesa, ale zasahovala a\u017e kamsi k Mohanu. A proto pr\u00fd se nemohla ona historick\u00e1 bitva odehr\u00e1t u Doma\u017elic ani u Kadan\u011b, ale u n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho Staffelsteinu, kde bylo pomez\u00ed S\u00e1movy \u0159\u00ed\u0161e.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Kdo m\u00e1 pravdu a kdo ne? Na tuto ot\u00e1zku m\u016f\u017ee d\u00e1t odpov\u011b\u010f pouze d\u016fkladn\u00fd archeologick\u00fd pr\u016fzkum v\u0161ech uveden\u00fdch m\u00edst. K \u010demu dosp\u011bly dosavadn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumy?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022 Na m\u00edst\u011b n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00edho hradi\u0161t\u011b Tuho\u0161\u0165 (Smolov) prov\u00e1d\u011bl vykop\u00e1vky v roce 1886 profesor doma\u017elick\u00e9ho gymnasia B. Str\u00e9r. Od t\u00e9 doby bylo na tomto m\u00edst\u011b provedeno pouze n\u011bkolik archeologick\u00fdch sond.<\/li>\n<li>\u2022 Na hradi\u0161ti P\u0159\u00edkopy provedl dr. R. Turek z N\u00e1rodn\u00edho muzea v roce 1959 sondu, na jej\u00edm\u017e z\u00e1klad\u011b usoudil, \u017ee jde o hradi\u0161t\u011b z 12. stolet\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>\u2022 Na hradi\u0161ti \u00daho\u0161\u0165 byly provedeny rovn\u011b\u017e archeologick\u00e9 sondy.<\/li>\n<li>\u2022 V prostoru Staffelsteinu nebyl prov\u00e1d\u011bn \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd archeologick\u00fd pr\u016fzkum, kter\u00fd by se t\u00fdkal existence Slovan\u016f v t\u00e9to oblasti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Co k tomu \u0159\u00edci?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pro\u010d se ot\u00e1zk\u00e1m existence prvn\u00edho st\u00e1tn\u00edho \u00fatvaru z\u00e1padn\u00edch Slovan\u016f nev\u011bnovalo v\u00edce pozornosti?<\/p>\n<p>Podle odborn\u00edk\u016f je t\u00e9ma <em>Vogastisburgu<\/em> u\u017e tak neodborn\u00edky zprofanov\u00e1n, \u017ee se mu odborn\u00edci vyh\u00fdbali. Samostatn\u011b se archeologicky nikdy nezkoumal. A pokud jde o z\u00e1padn\u00ed Slovany a tedy i o S\u00e1movu \u0159\u00ed\u0161i, d\u011blaly se v\u00fdzkumy jedin\u011b v souvislosti s Velkou Moravou. Nebyl na to prost\u011b \u010das, lid\u00e9, prost\u0159edky.<\/p>\n<p>\u010ceskosloven\u0161t\u00ed archeologov\u00e9 poslechli Zde\u0148ka Nejedl\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd napsal v druh\u00e9m d\u00edle sv\u00fdch nedokon\u010den\u00fdch D\u011bjin n\u00e1roda \u010cesk\u00e9ho toto: \u201eA jest jen kupodivu, \u017ee na\u0161i historikov\u00e9 tak\u0159ka vesm\u011bs vrhli se z toho jen na z\u00e1hadn\u00fd <em>Vogastisburk<\/em> a vypl\u00fdtvali i tu tolik rozumu na hled\u00e1n\u00ed v podstat\u011b bez\u00fa\u010deln\u00e9&#8230;&#8220;<\/p>\n<p>A to i p\u0159esto, \u017ee by objev <em>Vogatisburgu<\/em> p\u0159isp\u011bl k objasn\u011bn\u00ed mnoha d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch informac\u00ed o S\u00e1movi, o kter\u00e9m Nejedl\u00fd ve stejn\u00e9 kapitole \u0159\u00edk\u00e1:<em> \u201ePrvn\u00ed na\u0161e velk\u00e1 historick\u00e1 ji\u017e osobnost. Propadl\u00e1 v\u0161ak hned nato nezaslou\u017een\u011b smutn\u00e9mu osudu \u2014 zapomn\u011bn\u00ed.&#8220;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Jsou v\u0161ichni archeologov\u00e9 p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni o tom, \u017ee hled\u00e1n\u00edm <em>Vogatisburgu<\/em> se nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 nic nov\u00e9ho dozv\u011bd\u011bt o prvn\u00edm st\u00e1tn\u00edm \u00fatvaru Slovan\u016f?<\/p>\n<p>Zat\u00edm nem\u016f\u017ee nikdo s ur\u010ditost\u00ed \u0159\u00edci, kde <em>Vogatisburg<\/em> vlastn\u011b le\u017e\u00ed. Zat\u00edm &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Wogatisburg, legend\u00e1rn\u00ed hradi\u0161t\u011b, u kter\u00e9ho porazil prvn\u00ed sjednotitel slovansk\u00fdch kmen\u016f kupec S\u00e1mo Franck\u00e1 vojska.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":762,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,19],"tags":[24],"class_list":["post-1478","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","category-zahady","tag-evropa"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1478","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1478"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1478\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1479,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1478\/revisions\/1479"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/762"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1478"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1478"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1478"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}