{"id":1470,"date":"2023-10-02T00:25:38","date_gmt":"2023-10-01T22:25:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=1470"},"modified":"2023-10-09T00:34:08","modified_gmt":"2023-10-08T22:34:08","slug":"tluste-venuse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2023\/10\/02\/tluste-venuse\/","title":{"rendered":"Tlust\u00e9 \u201eVenu\u0161e\u201c?"},"content":{"rendered":"

„Venu\u0161e“ doby kamenn\u00e9 modelovali podle skute\u010dnosti<\/strong>
\nNa univerzit\u011b v Yale zjistili, \u017ee \u017eeny v dob\u011b kamenn\u00e9 byly mal\u00e9 a tlust\u00e9.<\/p>\n

P\u0159edstavu o jejich pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9m vzhledu d\u00e1vaj\u00ed postavy \u201eVenu\u0161\u00ed\u201c – co\u017e je term\u00edn ofici\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159ijat\u00fd ve v\u011bdeck\u00fdch kruz\u00edch \u2013 so\u0161ky vy\u0159ezan\u00e9 z mamut\u00ed slonoviny p\u0159ed 40 tis\u00edci lety, kter\u00e9 jsou uzn\u00e1v\u00e1ny jako nejstar\u0161\u00ed vyobrazen\u00ed \u017een v historii.<\/p>\n

V jeskyni Hohle Fels v jihoz\u00e1padn\u00edm N\u011bmecku nalezl archeolog Nicholas Conard z univerzity v Tubingen Venu\u0161i o v\u00fd\u0161ce – 6 cm. O sv\u00e9m n\u00e1lezu publikoval zpr\u00e1vu v \u010dasopise Nature.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Obr. Venu\u0161e z Hohle Fels<\/em><\/p>\n

„Venu\u0161e“ je dob\u0159e zachoval\u00e1 – chyb\u00ed pouze jedna ruka, \u010d\u00e1st nohy a hlava. Ale mo\u017en\u00e1, \u017ee to tak p\u016fvodn\u011b nebylo, \u017ee socha\u0159 speci\u00e1ln\u011b vy\u0159ezal jen t\u011blo, a hlava nebyla v\u016fbec zam\u00fd\u0161lena. Nebo to m\u011blo znamenat, \u017ee hlava nen\u00ed v\u016fbec d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st \u017eeny. Boky, prsa a genit\u00e1lie jsou zobrazeny velmi pe\u010dliv\u011b, v detailu, a velmi velk\u00e9. Genit\u00e1li\u00edm byla obvykle p\u0159id\u011blena a\u017e \u010dtvrtina velikosti figurky.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

S kypr\u00fdmi tvary\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u011bdci p\u0159isuzuj\u00ed vytvo\u0159en\u00ed so\u0161ek Venu\u0161\u00ed do st\u0159edn\u00edho nebo pozdn\u00edho paleolitu. Nic star\u0161\u00edho ve vyobrazen\u00ed \u017eensk\u00e9 postavy nen\u00ed. Co zp\u016fsobilo zah\u00e1jen\u00ed socha\u0159stv\u00ed p\u0159ed 12 tis\u00edci lety? V\u017edy\u0165 podobn\u00e1 um\u011bleck\u00e1 d\u00edla z doby kamenn\u00e9, kter\u00e9 archeologov\u00e9 objevili, nemaj\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 27 tis\u00edc let.<\/p>\n

\u201eUkazuje se,\u201c <\/em>\u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Jill Cook, specialista na paleokulturu z Britsk\u00e9ho muzea, \u201e\u017ee v t\u00e9 vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 dob\u011b lid\u00e9 m\u011bli u\u017e pom\u011brn\u011b dob\u0159e vyvinut\u00fd mozek jako n\u00e1\u0161. Ovl\u00e1dal abstraktn\u00ed a imaginativn\u00ed my\u0161len\u00ed, co\u017e mu umo\u017enilo tvo\u0159it.“<\/em><\/p>\n

Podle m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed v\u011bdc\u016f jsou postavy s hypertrofick\u00fdmi pohlavn\u00edmi znaky obrazem bo\u017estva. Je to symbol plodnosti, nebo sama plodnost, nebo symbol \u017eensk\u00e9 sexuality. A kypr\u00e9 tvary zde byly proto, aby to v\u0161e zv\u00fdraznily.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Obr. Venu\u0161e z Willendorfu<\/em><\/p>\n

Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee i nov\u011b nalezen\u00e1 „Venu\u0161e“ byla ur\u010dena pro ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fa\u010dely. Kdosi j\u00ed nosil jako medailon. V m\u00edst\u011b, kde by m\u011bla b\u00fdt hlava, je prohlube\u0148, co\u017e vypad\u00e1, jakoby byla od popruhu.<\/p>\n

Figurky p\u0159etu\u010dn\u011bl\u00fdch \u017een bez hlav, jsou nal\u00e9z\u00e1ny stoj\u00edc\u00ed i le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad na Malt\u011b je nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u201eSp\u00edc\u00ed pan\u00ed\u201c – plastika le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed \u010di sp\u00edc\u00ed \u017eeny, s velmi kypr\u00fdmi tvary a sukn\u00ed, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 v doln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti t\u0159\u00e1sn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed na Malt\u011b nalezen\u00e9 figurky \u017een maj\u00ed v m\u00edstech krku otvor, kam se z\u0159ejm\u011b zasazovaly v\u00fdm\u011bnn\u00e9 hlavy podle pot\u0159eby.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ide\u00e1l z mu\u017esk\u00e9ho pohledu<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159esto tyto so\u0161ky vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed ot\u00e1zky. Odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00fd obraz ide\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017eeny? M\u011bly ukazovat to, co bylo p\u0159\u00e1n\u00edm ? Nedosti\u017en\u00fdm ide\u00e1lem?<\/p>\n

Nebylo by to nic divn\u00e9ho. Je zn\u00e1m\u00e9, \u017ee samotn\u00ed \u0158ekov\u00e9 \u010di \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 se rozhodn\u011b nepodobali kr\u00e1sn\u00fdm soch\u00e1m sv\u00fdch boh\u016f a bohy\u0148.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Obr. V\u011bstonick\u00e1 Venu\u0161e<\/em><\/p>\n

Starod\u00e1vn\u00ed socha\u0159i tvo\u0159ili podle skute\u010dnosti<\/strong><\/p>\n

Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 uv\u011b\u0159it, \u017ee bychom se v dob\u011b kamenn\u00e9 opravdu setkali s velmi tlust\u00fdmi \u017eenami \u2013 podle dne\u0161n\u00edch p\u0159edstav muselo j\u00edt o neust\u00e1l\u00fd boj o potravu a hol\u00e9 p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed. Takov\u00e1 je obecn\u00e1 p\u0159edstava, kter\u00e1 pronikla i do ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bdy, film\u016f a dokonce i obr\u00e1zk\u016f v u\u010debnic\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Skute\u010dnost v\u0161ak mohla b\u00fdt jin\u00e1. Nav\u00edc \u2013 jak by lid\u00e9 poznali, \u017ee \u017eeny mohou tak vypadat, jak nal\u00e9z\u00e1me u „Venu\u0161\u00ed“? Abstraktn\u00ed my\u0161len\u00ed nebylo na takov\u00e9 \u00farovni, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 si p\u0159edstavit takov\u00fd z\u00e1zrak. Lid\u00e9 to museli vid\u011bt.<\/p>\n

A d\u00e1le – byly v\u0161echny \u017eeny dob\u0159e \u017eiven\u00e9, nebo to byly jen n\u011bkter\u00e9, kter\u00e9 si zasluhovaly zv\u011b\u010dn\u011bn\u00ed?<\/p>\n

Kde se v\u0161ak vzalo tolik j\u00eddla? Na tuto ot\u00e1zku lze tak\u00e9 odpov\u011bd\u011bt. Bylo to obdob\u00ed do vzniku zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, obdob\u00ed matriarch\u00e1tu, a tedy \u2013 vl\u00e1dly \u017eeny. Znamenalo to tedy i hospoda\u0159en\u00ed s potravinami. \u017deny ur\u010dovaly rozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00eddla a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b m\u011bly p\u0159ednost \u2013 tlou\u0161\u0165ka \u017een by nebyla nic divn\u00e9ho, kde\u017eto mu\u017ei byli vychrtl\u00ed a\u017e podvy\u017eiven\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Dosud se v\u0161ak nepoda\u0159ilo naj\u00edt dostatek kostern\u00edch poz\u016fstatk\u016f, kter\u00e9 by tuto h\u00e1danku bezezbytku vy\u0159e\u0161ilo.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

„Venu\u0161e“ doby kamenn\u00e9 modelovali podle skute\u010dnosti<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":424,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[41,24],"class_list":["post-1470","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","tag-archeologie","tag-evropa"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1470","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1470"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1470\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1477,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1470\/revisions\/1477"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/424"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1470"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1470"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1470"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}