{"id":1458,"date":"2023-09-28T00:36:13","date_gmt":"2023-09-27T22:36:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=1458"},"modified":"2023-10-08T18:45:41","modified_gmt":"2023-10-08T16:45:41","slug":"maltske-chramy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2023\/09\/28\/maltske-chramy\/","title":{"rendered":"Maltsk\u00e9 chr\u00e1my"},"content":{"rendered":"

Badatel\u00e9 zkoumaj\u00ed star\u00e9 legendy o d\u00e1vn\u00fdch obyvatel\u00edch ostrova Malta<\/strong>
\nJedny z nej\u00fa\u017easn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch starov\u011bk\u00fdch pam\u00e1tek na Malt\u011b jsou megalitick\u00e9 chr\u00e1my Hagar Qim a Mnajdra.<\/p>\n

Jsou sestaveny z obrovsk\u00fdch kamenn\u00fdch blok\u016f, stoj\u00edc\u00edch majest\u00e1tn\u011b na planin\u011b, vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 od sebe navz\u00e1jem asi 500 m.<\/p>\n

Kameny nejsou v kruhu, jako v anglick\u00e9 Stonehenge, ale p\u0159i pohledu z pta\u010d\u00ed perspektivy p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed jetelov\u00fd l\u00edstek.<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d tomu tak je, se v\u011bdc\u016fm zat\u00edm nepoda\u0159ilo objasnit.<\/p>\n

Ale pr\u00e1v\u011b tento tvar p\u0159im\u011bl v\u011bdce k domn\u011bnk\u00e1m, \u017ee stavba Stonehenge mohla doj\u00edt a\u017e do tvaru maltsk\u00e9ho chr\u00e1mu. Pro\u010d v\u0161ak byly postaveny \u2013 to st\u00e1le nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Historici nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee by to mohlo souviset se slune\u010dn\u00edm nebo lun\u00e1rn\u00edm kalend\u00e1\u0159em, nebo \u0161lo o chr\u00e1m k uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed boh\u016f, nebo prost\u011b obydl\u00ed pro kn\u011bze, \u010dleny vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch kast.<\/p>\n

Nav\u00edc tam z\u016fstal kamenn\u00fd n\u00e1bytek – lavice a stoly.<\/p>\n

V t\u011bchto chr\u00e1mech je \u00fa\u017easn\u00e1 m\u00edstnost – mal\u00e1, s mal\u00fdmi vchody, kter\u00fdmi lze prol\u00e9zt jen po \u010dty\u0159ech. Mohli tam b\u00fdt maxim\u00e1ln\u011b t\u0159i nebo \u010dty\u0159i lid\u00e9. Byla Malta ob\u00fdv\u00e1na trpasl\u00edky?<\/p>\n

Profesor Michael Morwood z University of New England, p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety objevil v jeskyni na indon\u00e9sk\u00e9m ostrov\u011b Flores dev\u011bt koster o v\u00fd\u0161ky 92 cm. Ostrov Flores je stejn\u011b velk\u00fd jako Malta. Proto i historie jejich obyvatelstva mohla b\u00fdt hodn\u011b podobn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

B\u011bhem doby ledov\u00e9 byly ostrovy Maltsk\u00e9ho souostrov\u00ed spojeny sou\u0161\u00ed se Sic\u00edli\u00ed, Sardini\u00ed, na jihu s Liby\u00ed a Tuniskem. I Flores byl sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed souostrov\u00ed Sunda. P\u0159i zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed hladiny mo\u0159\u00ed, se z Malty i Flores staly ostrovy. A lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed tam z\u016fstali, byli v naprost\u00e9 izolaci.<\/p>\n

\u017dili odd\u011bleni od zbytku sv\u011bta, postupn\u011b zmutovali, proto\u017ee do man\u017eelsk\u00e9ho svazku vstupovali dost bl\u00edzc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed. To m\u011blo vliv na potomstvo, a ostrovan\u00e9 se stali trpasl\u00edky. Byl toto i osud Malty? Jen\u017ee kosti trpasl\u00edk\u016f na Malt\u011b dosud nebyly nalezeny. Jedin\u00e9 nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 d\u016fkazy o jejich existenci by byly jen mal\u00e9 m\u00edstnosti v chr\u00e1mech. Proto v\u011bt\u0161ina historik\u016f pochybuje o jejich existenci.<\/p>\n

\u201eS nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed tyto otvory v kamenn\u00fdch zdech chr\u00e1m\u016f nejsou ani dve\u0159e, ani okna,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 historik, archeolog a profesor na Maltsk\u00e9 universit\u011b Stephen Florian.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk se v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit, \u017ee chr\u00e1my maj\u00ed v\u00fdbornou akustiku. Jasn\u011b sly\u0161\u00edte, co za\u0161ept\u00e1 mu\u017e, kter\u00fd se nach\u00e1z\u00ed o p\u00e1r metr\u016f d\u00e1l v jin\u00e9 m\u00edstnosti chr\u00e1mu. Zn\u00ed to, jako kdyby zvuk pronikal p\u0159es k\u00e1men.<\/p>\n

\u201eAle je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee jde o ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed prostor, kde se prov\u00e1d\u011bl ob\u0159ad znovuzrozen\u00ed v l\u016fn\u011b matky,\u201c mysl\u00ed si dal\u0161\u00ed maltsk\u00fd badatel Jada Balzan.<\/p>\n

Existuje tak\u00e9 hypot\u00e9za, \u017ee \u0161lo o boxy pro ob\u011btn\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata. B\u011bhem vykop\u00e1vek se v n\u011bkter\u00fdch chr\u00e1mech na\u0161ly kosti.<\/p>\n

Ale chr\u00e1my jako poh\u0159ebi\u0161t\u011b?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1, \u017ee v t\u011bchto stavb\u00e1ch trpasl\u00edci prost\u011b chovali sv\u00e9 dom\u00e1c\u00ed mazl\u00ed\u010dky?<\/p>\n

M\u00e1 to v\u0161ak n\u011bkolik probl\u00e9m\u016f \u2013 Mal\u00ed trpasl\u00edci, su\u017eovan\u00ed nemocemi a degenerac\u00ed, by t\u011b\u017eko pohybovali tak velk\u00fdmi kv\u00e1dry. (I kdy\u017e v mnoha m\u00edstech sv\u011bta jsou v pov\u011bstech megality pr\u00e1v\u011b s trpasl\u00edky spojov\u00e1ni, pozn. red.)<\/p>\n

V jeskyni Dar Dalam byly nalezeny poz\u016fstatky trpasli\u010d\u00edch slon\u016f a hroch\u016f o v\u00fd\u0161ce 80 cm a d\u00e9lce asi 150 cm. Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed velikosti zv\u00ed\u0159at na ostrov\u011b v\u011bdci tak\u00e9 vysv\u011btlovali mutaci kv\u016fli izolaci. Ostrov je velmi kamenit\u00fd, s minimem ob\u017eivy, d\u00e9\u0161\u0165 je vz\u00e1cn\u00fd. Bylo snaz\u0161\u00ed se u\u017eivit pro ty, kdo byli mal\u00e9 postavy.<\/p>\n

Ano, i dravce postihlo zmen\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Jen si p\u0159edstavte ten idylick\u00fd r\u00e1j: mal\u00ed lid\u00e9 jedou na sv\u00fdch mal\u00fdch slonech\u2026<\/p>\n

V chr\u00e1mu Hagar Qim byly nalezeny „kamenn\u00e9 idoly“ \u2013 so\u0161ky velmi ob\u00e9zn\u00edch lid\u00ed, vypadaj\u00ed jako velmi tlust\u00e9 \u017eeny nebo z\u00e1pasn\u00edci sumo. N\u011bkter\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed hlavu a je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, podle z\u00e1\u0159ez\u016f a d\u011br na krku, \u017ee je m\u011bly v\u00fdm\u011bnn\u00e9. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b jejich pohlav\u00ed je nejist\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Kdo byli tito lid\u00e9? Kdo se rozhodl pro \u017eivot na mal\u00e9m ostr\u016fvku? A kde sebral tolik j\u00eddla? Nebo so\u0161ky m\u011bly ukazovat sp\u00ed\u0161e nedosti\u017en\u00fd ide\u00e1l \u2013 blahobytn\u00e9 bohy na str\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed Malt\u011b? V\u011bdci nev\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eGigantick\u00e9 stavby sp\u00ed\u0161e vedou k \u00favah\u00e1m, \u017ee zde \u017eili ob\u0159i, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 historik Julia Portelli. \u201eTento neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fd n\u00e1pad vytane na mysli na ostrov\u011b Gozo, kde m\u016f\u017eete vid\u011bt v p\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti val kolem chr\u00e1mu. Ten je prokazateln\u011b nejstar\u0161\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b. Ggantija v\u016fbec znamen\u00e1 „v\u011b\u017e obr\u016f.“ Je uveden v Guinessov\u011b knize rekord\u016f jako nejstar\u0161\u00ed vyroben\u00e1 stavba na planet\u011b.<\/p>\n

Podle v\u0161ech odhad\u016f je star\u0161\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 6000 let. A mo\u017en\u00e1 i v\u00edce. Radiokarbonov\u00e1 anal\u00fdza uv\u00e1d\u00ed jen p\u0159ibli\u017en\u00e9 datov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

N\u011bkter\u00e9 z kamen\u016f stoj\u00ed vzp\u0159\u00edmen\u011b, maj\u00ed 5,5 m na d\u00e9lku a v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed 50 tun! Dodnes nen\u00ed zn\u00e1mo, kdo by tehdy um\u011bl pohybovat a zvedat takovou v\u00e1hu.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed legendy o obrech se v\u00e1\u017eou k Velk\u00e9 jeskyni (v malt\u0161tin\u011b Ap-il-Kbir), kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na planin\u011b „Clapham“, rozbr\u00e1zd\u011bn\u00e9 vyjet\u00fdmi kolejemi.<\/p>\n

Ap-il Kbir byla nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm shroma\u017edi\u0161t\u011bm troglodyt\u016f na Malt\u011b. D\u00e1nsk\u00fd jezuita a matematik Afanasius Kirsher, kter\u00fd nav\u0161t\u00edvil Maltu v roce 1637, popisuje ve sv\u00e9 knize „Mundus Subterraneus\u201c hospod\u00e1\u0159e katakomb, jako lidi velmi vysok\u00e9ho r\u016fstu a mohutn\u00e9 postavy. Je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee to byli potomci starov\u011bk\u00fdch obr\u016f?<\/p>\n

Nav\u00edc, n\u011bkter\u00e9 sochy v chr\u00e1mech p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed \u017eeny s velk\u00fdmi \u0148adry, obrovsk\u00fdmi stehny a boky. Socha, nalezen\u00e1 v chr\u00e1mu Tarxien, j\u00ed\u017e je dnes jen torzo, musela m\u00edt v\u00fd\u0161ku p\u0159es 3 metry! Dokonce dostala n\u00e1zev „Maltsk\u00e1 Venu\u0161e. Podle koho tvo\u0159il d\u00e1vn\u00fd socha\u0159?<\/p>\n

Existuj\u00ed d\u016fkazy, \u017ee ve IV. \u2013 III. tis\u00edcilet\u00ed p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem na Malt\u011b p\u0159evl\u00e1dal kult bohyn\u011b – obryn\u011b Sansuny. Do t\u00e9to \u00e9ry pat\u0159\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161ina megalitick\u00fdch staveb. Krom\u011b toho, Sansuna byla uct\u00edvan\u00e1 bohyn\u011b plodnosti, byla obryn\u011b a matka obr\u016f.<\/p>\n

M\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee v Bibli se tak\u00e9 p\u00ed\u0161e o obrech, tit\u00e1nech, poloboz\u00edch.<\/p>\n

\u201eV t\u00e9 dob\u011b byli ob\u0159i v zemi, a zejm\u00e9na v dob\u011b, kdy p\u0159i\u0161li synov\u00e9 Bo\u017e\u00ed k dcer\u00e1m lidsk\u00fdm, a rodily se jim: je siln\u00fd a dobr\u00fd lidi od d\u00e1vn\u00fdch \u010das\u016f“ (Genesis 6:4).<\/p>\n

Podle legend ob\u0159i, synov\u00e9 Sansuny, postavili na Gozo chr\u00e1m Ggantija. Oni pr\u00fd nosili obrovsk\u00e9 bloky kamene, a p\u0159esn\u011b je ustavovali do stavby, kter\u00e1 vydr\u017eela tis\u00edce let.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety v chr\u00e1mu Mnajdra byly provedeny restaur\u00e1torsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce, byl pot\u0159eba k p\u0159esunut\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch z t\u011bchto kamen\u016f siln\u00fd je\u0159\u00e1b. Kdo nau\u010dil starov\u011bk\u00e9 obyvatele takov\u00e9 dovednosti ?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Badatel\u00e9 zkoumaj\u00ed star\u00e9 legendy o d\u00e1vn\u00fdch obyvatel\u00edch ostrova Malta<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":415,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,19],"tags":[41,24,83],"class_list":["post-1458","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","category-zahady","tag-archeologie","tag-evropa","tag-megality"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1458","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1458"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1458\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1459,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1458\/revisions\/1459"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/415"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1458"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1458"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1458"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}