{"id":120,"date":"2023-03-07T19:00:47","date_gmt":"2023-03-07T18:00:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/?p=120"},"modified":"2024-01-18T13:44:58","modified_gmt":"2024-01-18T12:44:58","slug":"zahady-netopyru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/2023\/03\/07\/zahady-netopyru\/","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1hady netop\u00fdr\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"

Netop\u00fd\u0159i se d\u00edky pandemii covid<\/em> 19 stali druhem, ne p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 obl\u00edben\u00fdm.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pr\u00fd pr\u00e1v\u011b od nich se koronavirus dostal k \u010dlov\u011bku, a je tak\u00e9 zdrojem mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch chorob. I kdy\u017e jsou netop\u00fd\u0159i p\u0159ena\u0161e\u010di mnoha chorob, sami jim nepodl\u00e9haj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Netop\u00fd\u0159i maj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed \u0159adu podivn\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed. Na ja\u0159e, kdy\u017e se probud\u00ed ze zimn\u00edho sp\u00e1nku, opust\u00ed same\u010dci sami\u010dky a ka\u017ed\u00fd si odl\u00e9t\u00e1 po sv\u00e9m. Oplodn\u011bn\u00e9 sami\u010dky se mezit\u00edm shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u00ed v \u201eporodn\u00edm s\u00e1le“, kde pak spole\u010dn\u011b p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed na sv\u011bt sv\u00e9 mlad\u00e9. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 vrhne jen jedno a po celou dobu se dr\u017e\u00ed pohromad\u011b tak dlouho, dokud se ml\u00e1\u010fata neosamostatn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Ide\u00e1ln\u00edm netop\u00fd\u0159\u00edm porodn\u00edm s\u00e1lem jsou jeskyn\u011b a star\u00e9 v\u011b\u017ee. Netop\u00fd\u0159\u00ed sami\u010dky se tu c\u00edt\u00ed v bezpe\u010d\u00ed a p\u0159es den si mohou v klidu zav\u011b\u0161en\u00e9 odpo\u010d\u00edvat.<\/p>\n

I kdy\u017e jsou netop\u00fd\u0159i no\u010dn\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata, ve tm\u011b toho moc nevid\u00ed. P\u0159esto se ale v\u00fdborn\u011b orientuj\u00ed a ve zlomku sekundy dok\u00e1\u017eou lokalizovat a identifikovat p\u0159edm\u011bty i o pr\u016fm\u011bru jednoho milimetru. Netop\u00fd\u0159i si toti\u017e pom\u00e1haj\u00ed jak\u00fdmsi ultrazvukov\u00fdm radarem. Vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed zvuky lidsk\u00e9mu uchu nesly\u0161iteln\u00e9 a podle ozv\u011bny zjist\u00ed, kde p\u0159edm\u011bt je. Nav\u00edc rozpoznaj\u00ed, zda jde o p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eku, kter\u00e9 se musej\u00ed vyhnout, nebo o nep\u0159\u00edtele, p\u0159ed kter\u00fdm musej\u00ed prchnout, \u010di zda je to ko\u0159ist, nap\u0159\u00edklad n\u011bjak\u00fd mot\u00fdl.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b tohoto radaru maj\u00ed netop\u00fd\u0159i dal\u0161\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost – jak\u00fdsi termostat, kter\u00fd jim za chladn\u00fdch dn\u00ed a de\u0161t\u011b umo\u017e\u0148uje sn\u00ed\u017eit t\u011blesnou teplotu ze 40 \u00b0 C a\u017e na rove\u0148 s okoln\u00ed teplotou a u\u0161et\u0159it tak energii. B\u011bhem zimn\u00edho sp\u00e1nku dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017eit i frekvenci dechu a nadechovat se jen jednou za minutu.<\/p>\n

Netop\u00fd\u0159i se \u017eiv\u00ed hmyzem a za den ho spo\u0159\u00e1daj\u00ed a\u017e \u010dtvrtinu sv\u00e9 v\u00e1hy, co\u017e se u t\u011bch nejmen\u0161\u00edch druh\u016f rovn\u00e1 \u0161esti a\u017e osmi gram\u016fm. Od dubna do \u0159\u00edjna tak jedin\u00fd netop\u00fdr zahub\u00ed a\u017e 1,8 kilogramu hmyzu, tedy p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 18 000 kus\u016f.<\/p>\n

V\u00fd\u010det netop\u00fd\u0159\u00edch zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost\u00ed t\u00edm ale nekon\u010d\u00ed. P\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se na podzim p\u0159ed zimn\u00edm sp\u00e1nkem, vaj\u00ed\u010dko je ale oplodn\u011bno a\u017e na ja\u0159e, kdy\u017e se sami\u010dky op\u011bt probouzej\u00ed k \u017eivotu. Jsou-li n\u011b\u010d\u00edm vytr\u017eeny ze sp\u00e1nku, je vaj\u00ed\u010dko oplodn\u011bno u\u017e d\u0159\u00edve.<\/p>\n

Pokud bychom poznali mechanismy, kter\u00e9 netop\u00fd\u0159i ovl\u00e1daj\u00ed, pomohlo by to k zamezen\u00ed p\u0159enosu chorob na \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p>\n

Archiv ZaZ<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Netop\u00fd\u0159i se d\u00edky pandemii covid 19 stali druhem, ne p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 obl\u00edben\u00fdm.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":121,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17,19],"tags":[29],"class_list":["post-120","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-veda","category-zahady","tag-zivocichove"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=120"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":122,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120\/revisions\/122"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/121"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=120"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=120"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahadyazajimavosti.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=120"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}